What Racism does to African-American women (black people) in the United States of America.

The video above explains the disparities of infant mortality between blacks and Whites. Here is the summary as researched by gynecologist Dr. Michael Lu:

A. White Women with college education, per thousand (1000) birth = four (4) death.

B. African-American ( black) women with college education and above as white women, per thousand (1000) birth = ten ( 10) death.

C.Educated African-American ( black) women for example lawyers, professors, accountants, physicians, have higher infant death rate than whites and Hispanics without high school/ secondary certificate.

Now even when the children are born, many times they are delivered prematurely or with disorder. Neonatologists Dr. James Collins and Dr. Richard David examined, why is it that many African- American children often are born smaller, premature, than white Children. Below they provide us with findings that complement Dr. Lu’s research.

Prior to this research, suggestions have been made that the reason why many African-Americans have infant mortality and premature birth were:

1. Lack of Education

2. Poverty

3. Careless life style

However, both research have shown that, in fact those hypothesis were generally faulty. The major element in infant mortality and premature birth amongst African-Americans ( blacks) boils down to “collective racism” or institutional racism. Since the arrival of Africans on the slave ships, they have been labeled by white Europeans/Americans as sub-human and that their bodies were only good to serve. Through out American history, Africans who today are called African-Americans had to deal with discrimination in almost every aspect of their lives, from their traditional religions to their bodies to their language to their accent to their intellect etc. Today, somethings have changed because African-Americans had to fight for their basic human rights in America. However, the legacy of racism ( white-supremacy) is still present in American governmental structure in their schools, hospitals, churches which in many ways contribute to the stress and health issues that the two videos above explain.

What is the way forward

1. Personal Care, before you are with child as suggested by Dr. Lu and I agree completely. ( take care of your body, eat heathy, dress well to feel good about your self, do things that generally make you happy etc)

2. Surround yourself with positive people who love and respect you (embrace those who truly love and wish you best….)

3. Shun bad belle people ( run away from racists)

4. Partners/husbands should offer more help to their pregnant women, don’t allow them to work too hard, adding to their stress.

5. African-Americans collectively in every field, walks of life- should continue to speak out against racism, thus far it has been the best move.

6. Always remember, your ancestors have gone through hell yet they fought to paved the way for you. And you are not alone, because as Africans, we believe that our ancestors are in constant participation with the physical. Remember, “Africans don’t die but multiple”, invoke their names to come to your aid. They have done it even before their was any religion on earth and they will not abandon you now!

7. And finally, I think this quote from Milton Allimadi is great for us all to digest…..

“When you’re faced with serious challenges, obstacles, decisions, put things in perspective, then think about how your personal hero would have dealt with it. Your mother…. your father… Malcolm X, [Kimpa Vita ] Dr. King, FannieLou Hamer, Nehanda the warrior, Sojourner Truth, Tchaka, Biko, Robeson, Toussaint, Lumumba, Mandela, Kwame Ture…….then make your personal wise decision….and move on knowing your challenges pale in comparison to challenges that have been met in the past….”

Reasons Why White Women Prefer Black Men…..

Strong black man or strong sex object?


Top 5 reasons  why white women  ”love” black men:

1. “Rhythm in Bed”
( They said black men give them good sex…one person pointed out that, her white ex-partner was a 5 minutes man.)

2. “The skin”
( apparently black  skin on white is “lovely” it feels great on white skin…)

3. “Treat them right”
( That black men treat them right and give them respect )

4. “Confidence”
(  That black men carry themselves with grace , they have grand presence)

5. “They are healthy “
(  That black men take  good care of their skin, they shower  etc)

The audience in the attached youtube I think is one of the most  honest and respectful  I have listened to in a while. Many times, this topic becomes so heated to the extent that you don’t get the opportunity to hear what folks are talking about.

Heidi Klum says, Seal has a big cock....

Questions that this topic raises:

1. As it relates to reason # 3  white women claim that black men treat them right and give them respect. Are black women missing something because most of the cries I hear from  them is about how, black men are disrespectful and treat them like shit. So if white women generally are claiming that black men treat them with respect, is it safe to  say that black men consider white women more valuable than black women? Or we could say,  some black men internalized self-hate, that they don’t see their black counterpart as equals to whites.

2. Are black men only good for sex? Because 99% of the white women in the clip agreed that black men scored high in sex.

3. Are these claims  by white women relevant today?

4.  Are white women and black men in interracial relationship promoting racist- white supremacists stereotype about black men? Limiting them to  sex objects with no intellect to create and lead ….

For further reflections…

see the link below…”Rent A Rasta/Dread”  a documentary that highlights how some white women, would travel overseas to predominately black countries for sex toursim. One could say, they are again, perpetuating the belief that black men are highly sexual compare to their white counterparts. Limiting black men to sex.

also  see Seal’s response on his Germany wife’s ( Heide Klum ) comment about his big cock.

and lastly but not limited to…see an article by Susan Crain Bakos, \” A White Woman Explains Why she Prefers Black Men……\”

Quoting Bakos,

“Black men have more energy, style and edge than white men. They know how to flirt, a nearly lost art among the rest of us. A black man is so damned sexy because he knows how to make a woman feel sexy….

Black men have something white guys don’t have anymore: confidence in their masculinity, their sexuality. They clearly know they’re men. White men appear to be waiting for the latest sociological research study to let them know if they are men or not. Yet black men are gentlemen, something else white men no longer are. They make me feel like a woman, both respected and desired. I can let go of my inhibitions, my need to control, when I am with them. How many white men can treat a woman like a lady and ravish her too?”

note: The first picture is from womanist mustings and the second one is from google.com…

White Jesus indoctrination vs. Black Jesus on the Margin

 

Jesus on the margin

Indoctrinated Jesus with his mother.

 

Jesus is dread?

Yohanna 14:2 “A chikin gidan ubana akwai wurin zama dayawa; da ba haka ba, da na fada muku; gama zan tafi garin in shirya maku wuri.” ( Da ka Litafi Mai-Tsarki , Hausa)

or In English,

John 14:2 “in my father’s house there are many dwelling places. If it were not so, would I have told you that I go to prepare a place for you? ” ( New Revised Standard Version)

Growing up in Nigeria my parents encouraged my siblings and I to attend Sunday School, there we learned stories from the Bible and also our teachers emphasized memorizing important scriptures. The passage I quoted is amongst the Bible verses that played a role in how I interpreted scripture as a young girl. After memorizing John 14:2 in Hausa, I was convinced that Jesus was a member of my family, the imagery that the passage created in my head gave me the comfort that I was in fact a child of God.

However, As I grow older, I noticed that the father of the many mansion which the scripture talked about was a long haired, pale skin, blue eyed man, he looked nothing like my family members. I recall asking my siblings while we were watching the popular “Jesus of Nazareth’ a film that narrated the primary gospels in Jesus’ Ministry: His Birth, death and Resurrection, I asked why is it that Jesus is White and satan a black snake? My siblings told me that, the Jesus in the film was simply a character but then I asked why is it then that He must be “bature” in Hause (white ), the answer to that question was interrupted with a call from mother to help her lift a bag of rice.

The quest to find out reasons as per why Jesus the father in the mansion with many rooms was white contributed to my decision to study Christian theology and Religion in general. As a young girl, I asked tough questions about Christology, desiring to know who Jesus was, why His ministry was important and what that meant for me, a black girl.

As I search for Jesus through my study and discourse with others, I discovered  that there is in fact a Jesus who looked like me. This Jesus is portrait with dark complexion, long dread-locks and a body built like a football (soccer) player;  however,  this Jesus is found amongst  the marginalized in our global family, those who believe in the up lift of black global family and the unity of mankind. The black Jesus has a presence amongst Afro-centric / African Independent Churches/ black Christians on the continent of Africa and in the diaspora. I read a number of articles and books regarding blacks interpretation of John 12:2 “In my Father’s house are many mansions …” B.G.M. Sundkler, argues in his 1961, “Bantu Prophets in South Africa” that the reason why blacks seem to be attracted to “Christ in their own image’, is due to the fact that they desired legitimacy or guarantee for the fate of their race (p.276). One could interpret Sundkler’s argument that Black Christians seem to want to take ownership of the Bible. To go further with the critique against depicting Christ as a black man, Pieter Oosthuuizen labels this tradition as “Post-Christian” which means it is neither Christian nor traditional. He believes the embracement of Christ as a Black man, their “ethnocentric features make them forfeit any claim to be the Church of Christ” ( See “ Black Messianism: Corruption or Contextualization?” In All things hold Together: Holistic Theologies of the African Grassroots” p.132).

To complement Oosthuuizen’s statement, Martin suggests that these sort of ideologies amongst black liberation theologians is rampant amongst South Africans and that they are faulty eschatology as well as false Christology, Pneumatology and ecclesiology” ( “ Black Messianism: Corruption or Contextualization?” In All things hold Together: Holistic Theologies of the African Grassroots”,p.133). In order words, if Christ is embodied by Africans then their claim to that narrative is un-Christian. M.L. Daneel , in response to the criticism against the Black Christ, calls for a deeper reflection by the theologians critics, expressing that Christ is not being replaced by Black Christians but rather a mirror through which they ( Black Christians) would want to be reflected (see “ Black Messianism: Corruption or Contextualization?” In All things hold Together: Holistic Theologies of the African Grassroots”p. 132) . As far as Daneel is concern the Christian calling is to desire for Christ to take over and to be reflected in the life of a believer .

I would say, the black Christ is an attempt from African Christians to make Christ relevant; they  wished to experience Christ in their own language and in the image in which God created them, along side acknowledging  Christ’s presence amongst those who don’t look like them.  One must understand that, this Jesus of Nazareth that the gospel talks about is no “white man” ,  the reason why  the white, pale Jesus is  pervasive  is due to the fact that, as a friend nicely expressed,  ” those in power define who your God is and what  that god must look like”, through the work of colonization/ globalization and world mission, Western Christians enforced Christ as a “white man”, that legacy still have a presence amongst Africans.

Those who dispute against portraying Jesus as a black man must  not be aware of the history of Christianity on the continent of Africa. In order for Jesus Christ  to be presence amongst all people, He should not be  a distance white man who seem very disconnected with the reality of the African world.I would encourage parents to expose their children to a  contexualized interpretation of scripture ( the Bible) because it would opportune them in  seeing themselves as worthy human beings who were molded by the very hands of the God who they are growing to love, just as their white  or brown counterparts. I would contend that this is  the only way forward in continuation to build up black consciousness and the determination to look within for the empowerment of  the community self.

©Copyright, Yoknyam Dabale

A Nigerian Woman’s Thoughts on Homosexuality in Africa (Africa Kill The Gays!?)

sharing secrets.

sharing a kiss!

Desire for a union, fighting for it!

love potent!forever yours.

An American Christian voiced her belief!

Top Anti- Homosexual Phrases Amongst Africans

1. It is forbidden by God read Leviticus 18:22, 20:13
2. Marriage is between a man and a woman for pro-creation,
3. It is satanic , it needs deliverance from God,
4. It is a white-man invention. Evil and foreign. “Faggots have no place in African Society”!
5. God created Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve

Growing up in rural Middle Belt Nigeria, I often would hear the word, “dan daudu” this term is attributed to a person who has the characteristics and demeanor of both male and female; however, with more pronounced male features. From my understanding dan daudu sometimes dresses like a woman and has sexual intercourse with both male and female. Dan daudu at times would marry a male and or a female for reproduction. I don’t recall hearing a revolt against this special gender amongst us. One could say, dan daudu would have his “cake and eat it is too”.

However, despite the exposure to the idea that there is a third gender group, I did not take the time to reflect on its implications, after all what does that got to do with me. My third year at undergraduate I was forced to interact with schoolmates on campus who recently identified themselves as homosexuals (they desire loving, sexual relationship with members of the same sex) and bisexual (they engage in sexual relations with both male and female or vice versa). Being the born again, sanctified and justified Christian woman of God that I was, I recollect expressing to the homosexuals and bisexuals every time I conversed with them, “you will go to hell!” I went further by pointing out to Genesis 19 from the Christian Holy Bible that talks about Sodom and Gomorrah, how it was destroyed by God because of their sinful sexual engagement with the opposite sex. For all these facts, I urged them to repent from their sinful ways.

It has been over a decade now since I learned about “dan daudu” gender and six years interaction with homosexuals and bisexuals in the Western world. Through these years, I decided to read outside my academic work, by studying and engaging with this group, I read books, articles and asked others questions. Through my analysis of “dan daudu” (which is consider third gender group in most of Northern Nigeria), homosexual and bisexual seem to have a lot in common. This commonality includes: the desire to be in a meaningful, loving relationship with members of the opposite or the same sex, fight for human dignity, respectful and peaceful coexistence with those different from them, and to be acknowledge for their human-ness; hence despite their sexual orientation, they too were created by God.

I am mindful that I run the risk of generalizing that homosexuals, bisexual experience is equal to Dan daudu or any other sexual orientation across the African continent, however, given the high-lighted commonality earlier in this piece, as members of global family, we can’t ignore the fact that we have these people in our community. For the lack of a better umbrella term for the entire sexual orientation group I mentioned, I would use a western label “homosexual or gay” interchangeably throughout this piece. Finding constructive ways in dealing with this topic is crucial not only on the African continent but world over. In the past years Westerns and Africans dealt with homosexuality differently.

Early 1950s most Christian religious Britons believed that homosexuality was a disease that could be cure like any other illness (See,” Treatments of Homosexuality in Britain since the 1950s-an oral history: the experience of patients, http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/328/7437/427. Those who publicly shared their sexual orientation were giving the alternative of either going to jail or getting a medical treatment. This option in dealing with homosexuality contributed into hundreds of arrest and murdering of gays in Britain. Homosexuals who chose to get medical attention to correct their desires as suggested by medical experts, ended up with entirely different problems, such as social and psychological challenges.

In the United States of American anti-homosexual rhetoric could also be trace to the early 40s when the U.S government made it clear that gays were not welcome and their sexual preference was rather unnatural. Societal pressure forced the government to sack military personals that were suspected to be gay. Homosexual women got raped, killed and harried by civilians; most of these attacked were done in the name of purifying American land from these evil doers (See, brief history,http://safezone.slu.edu/downloads/reading.homosexuality%20in%20america.pdf).

Today in America even though homosexuals have relatively basic rights by being allowed to coexist in some spheres; their interaction in society is rather limited. Like any other marginalized group in America, homosexuals live predominately amongst themselves. There are laws such as Proposition 8  which confines the constitution of marriage only to heterosexuals (Female and male) relationships. What such underdone law does is forces non-Christians into living by “traditional” Judeo-Christian institution of marriage and its ordinance.
This is not to say that America refuses to act on its moral obligations towards its marginalized. America has come a long way, we have five states today that allow gay marriage: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Iowa, Vermont and recently New Hampshire. However, even though these marriages are allowed by specific states, the Federal law does not recognize them as such. Religious groups, primarily evangelical Christians continue to fuel hate speech domestically for example see a court case on anti- gay protest, by Westboro Baptist Church in Topeka, Kansas at a funeral service http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6274T020100308 . This contaminated, diluted hermeneutic ( reading) from some Western Christians found strong hold internationally amongst Africans who seem to be carefree as per things they allowed into their midst.

Most Western evangelical clergy men and other religious group seem to maintain 18th century racist theory that Africans are like children, who need someone to lead them to the light ( See Hegel, “Philosophy of History” ). Evangelical minister Rick Warren a known author and pastor uses his influential status by pushing for dangerous agenda amongst Africans. Recently pastor Warren went to Uganda, supporting the country’s religious leaders with their cruel, ” Kill the Gay bill”. This bill in question criminalized homosexuality anyone found to be gay would be thrown in jail, and other times killed if the person is H.I.V positive. Warren suggested that Uganda is a purpose driving nation because of its brutal take on homosexual activities in the country.( see youtube ” Rick Warren, Sen. Inhofe, Sen. Grassley, & The Family Uganda Update – Rachel Maddow” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3t-gSJDpv1o&feature=related ).
Other Evangelical preachers such as Scott Lively, Don Schmierer and Caleb Lee Brundidge all join hands to offer support that Uganda make it law against gays in the country. ( See youtube “Anti- Gay Bill in Uganda “ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy6E-zTSZjo). The push by these evangelical pastors caused an international outcry by the gay community as a result the pastors were forced to denounced it. Unfortunately the damage has already been done, Africa persistently becomes a free continent where everyone but Africans could offer remedy for their internal problems.

Most African clergy seem to have forgotten so soon the year 1884 with the help of Christian missionaries, Africa became a piece of pie that members of “first world” partook in its consumption. This period of 1884, scramble for African did not only allowed Westerns to purloin (steal) African lands and natural resources but also gave them alot of access to ignite a forceful fire of self hate, dishonesty, disgrace, inferiority complex and corruption amongst the native.This is not to suggest that Africans are not capable of committing atrocities,however, what Western dictatorship, colonization had done on the continent left a lasting legacy for what Africa it is today, a troubling land fill with many woes. ( See Seun Kuti ” Don’t Bring that Shit to Me” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfeOPK0GobA&feature=related )

History tells us that the legacy of 1884, its continue imperial influences amongst the colonial subjects (Africans) is still awake; this is apparent in how Africans read the Bible, see themselves and hope to become, almost all in the image of the white man, their colonial master, (See Ngugi Wa Thiongo “Decolonizing the Mind and Moving the Center: The Struggle for Cultural Freedom”, V.Y.Mudimbe “The Invention of Africa” and Franz Fanon “Black Skin, White Mask”).

It is not surprising in recent years to hear of horrific events against homosexuals in Africa, to name a few: In Malawi a couple was sentence 14 years in prison and the law to justify it was that their sexual orientation is “unnatural”. This conviction was later reversed by the president due to pressure by the international human rights groups ( see ” Malawi gays face 14-year prison terms” http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/may/18/malawi-gays-convicted-unnatural-acts/?page=1.
Dakar, nine Senegalese men were arrested for “indecent” behavior and jailed with five years prison time.This sentence was condemned by gay-rights groups in the country. ( See “Senegalese gay men appeal a homophobic sentence” http://www.afrol.com/articles/32915), in Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, and others African countries share the belief that homosexuality is sinful, anyone caught in the act would be thrown in prison.( See “Behind the Mask” a support group for hiding gays across Africa, http://www.mask.org.za/ghana-stage-anti-gay-protest/#comments).

This Western view and reading of scripture, it imperial tactic could be seen on how some African clergy deal with homosexuals’ orientation. There is quite a consensus that homosexuality is un-African, this might read as if African clergy are trying to protect the dignity of Africans and their culture; I would suggest this is yet again another way of wanting to please the colonial master. Donna Smith, a South African human rights activist expresses, “What is un-African is homophobia; some people believe homosexuality is an idea brought here by the white man. But it has always been here. What the white man brought was homophobia clothed in religious doctrines that we did not have before ( see Malian paper, http://www.mg.co.za/article/2006-11-06-fear-and-violence-still-rule-gay-township-life ). What Smith is suggesting is that, Pre-colonial African History tells us that, homosexuality exited, however, upon the arrival of Christianity and other foreign religion such as Islam, gays were forced to hide behind closed doors. Religious doctrines that confine marriage particularly amongst Judeo-Christian faith to a man and a woman forced Africans to abandon their tolerance for those who desire members of the-same sex, and multiple partners.Through my interaction with a number of Africans, those who were willing to discuss this sensitive topic shared how their relatives told them positive narratives about the peace and harmony that exited between all people of different sexual orientations.

I connected with a young man from Central Africa who works as a social worker, he expresses, “There are plenty of stories mostly oral history. As for stories from my grand-father, [he said homosexuality ] was pretty normal until the strange ones came ( White men). Then the chiefs started to banish them from the village.” This claim could also be supported by other works that highlighted the existence of homosexuals in African societies, even though they were not labeled with that umbrella term. (See the book  “Allah Made Us” p. 7, 11. by Rudolf Pell Gaudio. Note. even though this book was written by a Westerner, from my experience and that of others, I could say the author did a relatively good job of describing the situation on grounds in the Northern Nigeria).

Pre-colonial times, African societies where loose, not very rigid as they eventually became upon the arrival of  Christianity and Islam.  See ” Parallels in the Gender Minority/Sexual Minority Histories of Africa and Asia” http://www.colorq.org/articles/article.aspx?d=QHistory&x=parallels , ” Homosexuality in “Traditional” Sub-Saharan Africa and Contemporary South Africa*” http://semgai.free.fr/doc_et_pdf/africa_A4.pdf Homosexuals were also believed to have special divine inspiration, healing power, subsequently they were given a place of honor in society. ( See ” Parallels in the Gender Minority/Sexual Minority Histories of Africa and Asia” http://www.colorq.org/articles/article.aspx?d=QHistory&x=parallels ).

Given the situation we have at hand, I would suggest that African clergy and government to have a substantive priority by educating the masses about its past. It seems there is a dilemma amongst Africans about the origin of homosexuality on the continent. This unnecessary confusion amongst most Africans could be avoided if Historical documents or oral history was past down in a way that could  be beneficial to the present generation.This is because, for those who have done their home work, they are aware that “gays” have always had a presence in African life. However, because of the narrow research done on this topic by others  we have unnecessary disputes.

I would also suggest that the present generation  of Africans must make a strong commitment to good scholarship and research, rather than depending on work by Westerners. This sort of move would prevent Africans from  divisive scholarship.It would be wise to make the effort by encouraging our young people to engage in critical thinking. When that happens, generation after wouldn’t be in confusion as the present one.

As for those who depend solidly on  Christian  Biblical commentaries it would  be wonderful if you participate in critical reading of  the Holy Book instead of hiding behind foreign religious dogma.  Perhaps, revisiting the historical context, study how it has impacted African reality,its legacy. Africans must begin to ask questions as  a community about the Holy Bible such as: who wrote it? For whom was it written? Who are the characters in the book? Are the words written worth editing or are they infallible? Could one be African and belief in the Christian Holy Bible, if so what would  that Christianity look like.   Because as  it stands most African theologians hold firmly to Western commentaries to solve their internal predicaments.

©CopyRight, Yoknyam Dabale

Skinny vs. Fat : An African Woman on the Politics of Feminine Beauty

 

What do you see, my sister?

 

Mainstream image for all women.

Young members of Sande (Female Secret Society) Sierra Leone

Miss Africa in America contestant, notice her hair and body shape.

The Mask "cut neck' fat goddess she is a symbol of beauty and fertility.

 

monique-naked with her Pagent crew

A member of Sande ( Female Secret Society) Sierra Leone

Vogue the Ideal.

Common phrases for Skinny and Fat Women

1.Bonka Fish (in Creole: Skinny woman whose features resemble that of a dry fish)

2. Duwawu ( In Hausa: A woman with big buttocks)

3. Duguwa ( In Hausa: “A tall skinny woman with no living particulars”)

4. Giwa (  In Hausa: an elephant)

5. Ta Ciko ( In Hausa: the woman has filled out)

6. Flat ( In Creole: Skinny, “chest-less” babe)

When you turn on the television in the West the face of a Skinny chick is what you see. However, most African men love, I mean love, Fat babes ( When African men use the word fat, they mean curvy and voluminous– big breasts and ass– like the shape of a soft drink bottle or an hour glass). Growing up in rural Northern Nigeria, I frequently witnessed the execution of this unwritten constitution. Every man and woman was aware of its power. A woman was considered beautiful if she carried extra weight around the chest, and, most importantly, her ass. The complexion should be very dark, the hair needed to be braided at least once a week, and let us not forget it is a must for her to know how to husband her husband’s home and those eight children she birthed from her ample hips.

As a young child, given this is the imagery that I was constantly reminded of, I fell in love with fat women. I remembered when some of my late yayah kaka’s (elder sister’s) friends were saluted by some men on the street with names such as Giwa (elephant- in Hausa) or “Complete” (meaning the babe got correct living particulars in the right places). As the African legend Fela Kuti puts, “ yansh is a wonderful thing.’ That is to say a woman’s big ass is a wonderful thing. I liked the way fat women attracted positive reception when they graced the sight of humankind, the respect they got whenever they exhale words in the midst of both sexes and the self-pride and self-worth that wrapped around their being. Hence, I was convinced that when I grew up I would be the ideal fat bush woman!

In my travels around the world, starting at the age of seven, I noticed and studied diverse ideas as per what represents a beautiful woman. In Liberia 1987-1988 and Sierra Leone 1993-1997 I noticed the glamorization of the large female body, so much so that she was placed amongst the goddesses who watch over us all. For example, I witnessed in Liberia and Sierra Leone Bodu Bush, a Female secret Society, when they would put on display for the community to  watch girls turned women after months of confinement for nourishment of food and knowledge on becoming a woman. As the women paraded down the streets the leading figure for the procession is the mask goddess craved as a fat woman with layers, and layers of neck (anthropologist call this “cut neck”). The image of the fat goddess implies that the girls that now the entire society is blessed to gaze upon have become the ideal beauty that every young girl should aspire to become. Sylvia Boone, an art historian, explains my encounters beautifully when she states, “Beauty, prosperity, health, and fertility are explicitly linked to plumpness (gbogboto) most graphically in the mask image. The Opposite of plump is not thin but ‘dry’ connoting among other things a withered and barren uterus” (Radiance from the Waters, 57). The fat woman is not an ordinary being, she must be respected and looked up to in society, because she carries on her body the terminal where life passes through, but also the source of nourishment to supply her baby’s milk, husband’s nightly ecstasy treats and the beautiful painting that which is her lightens up days and years of mere fans.

The desire to have in one’s possession and to become a fat woman is spread across the African continent. We see even amongst African leaders such as president Jacob Zuma of South Africa, in his midst are three fat wives, and Nigerian former vice president Atiku Abubakar’s wife Amina Titi is a fat babe. This exigency for ladies to become fat fuels the popularity of fattening farms or houses. For example, the vital grooming process for girls to be married in Mauritania is by transforming a skinny girl into a fat woman. Sometimes girls would spend months at the fattening farm depending on how much weight they carried upon their arrival (seehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3429903.stm ). Amongst the Igbos in Calabar, Nigerian girls spend up to six months in seclusion under constant watch of an expert who feeds them with food and massage their bodies in preparation for their future husbands. This practice goes back to nineteenth-century (see YouTube video titled, Fat Houses-Nigeria). I myself attempted to gain weight by eating more than my stomach could handle, especially when I was in Sierra Leone, I even went further by layering clothes as if I was set for winter season in London. I looked relatively fat and I tried my very best to keep the weight on, but I have a high metabolism and I enjoy long distance running as a stress reliever; I would lose the weight in a twinkle of an eye, sadly returning to my size 2.

It was shocking to me upon my arrival to America when I noticed how miserable most fat women viewed themselves. And the mainstream media didn’t seem to help the situation when popular magazines such as Vogue, People and Elle would grace most of their page with skinny, blue eye, blonde hair women. At fashion shows you see predominately a pool of starving, ill, pale sick looking ladies show-casing a million dollar dress. This media images of skinny women impacts the psyche of its viewers as a result they begin to associate them with high fashion, valuable beings that needed to be treated with dignity.

On the side lines are fat women who are getting treated like left over dinner. It is ironic that the mainstream American media seem all of a sudden interested in fat women’s narrative like that of the movie “Precious”. I mention “Precious” because when the movie came out, most viewers expressed remorse by how fat young girls get treated amongst their peers in American society, as if it is some new revelation. I read folks talking about how there is no room for fat women in mainstream media, and I thought that is exactly what Mo’Nique, the self-appointed spokesperson for “BIG” women ( BIG is a term many Americans use for Fat ) has been saying for years. Mo’Nique’s effort to empower herself and other fat or “BIG” women made her an icon, her Beauty pageant ‘Mo’Nique’s Fat Chance” music video appearances such as that of Anthony Hamilton’s “Sister Big Bone” ( see,  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UT21MqxOQtY), stand-up comedy, movie roles shows her commitment to promoting the fat community in America.

As Michel Foucault would say, those in power define what is and what is not. Using Foucault’s theory, in America the deciders say skinny is beautiful and fat is ugly. And to complicate matters, being fat and black makes life much more difficult as per how the society relates to you and how you see yourself in it. Fat black woman is now at war with three forces, racism, sexism and her body shape. That is why even Mo’Nique is on the move to  lose weight claiming that it is for health reasons. We have folks like musician Missy Elliott, day time television personnel Ricki Lake, musician Jennifer Hudson, actress Queen Latifah, and musician, Kelly Osbourne  who have succumbed to societal pressure to be skinny. (See Wonderwall, “Most Impressive Comeback Bodies”). This is not to suggest that I don’t support healthy living, besides that is one of the reasons why I chose to not bother myself anymore about gaining weight, but there are women who simply will never be a size 2; for that reason American society should be more accepting of fat women. However, because mainstream media is run by folks who promote mainly skinny white women, the propaganda has escalated overseas. Today African cities seem to desire skinny women, this is apparent when you watch mainstream African music videos, on the local girls take extreme measures by bleaching their skin , and the natural hair that they used to maintain with braids are replaced with wigs and weaves, in order to conform to the standards of the West.

This craving to assimilate into Western skinny woman culture is apparent in the lives of Africans in the diaspora. For example, if you look at their beauty contests, most of them promote the skinny, weave haired, blue contact lenses wearing woman. I would suggest that, fat African women and fat babes generally can learn from skinny African women who have being under pressure to gain weight. Personally, I stopped making the effort to eat more than my stomach can handle. I learned to love myself. And I now  feel appreciated because I associate with positive affirming people. Fat women who feel out of place in America should find themselves a community of friends and family members who would love them for being themselves. I can testify that whenever I am home and in the midst of fat women, I hardly feel out of place any more. And my mother always reminded me that, just because I am small frame, doesn’t necessary mean I can’t achieve bigger dreams.

My fat sisters, just because someone said you aren’t good enough doesn’t mean you aren’t good enough. If your present crew is the sort that talks around you, perhaps it is time that you widen your social pool, allowing outsiders into the inner cycle or try to insert yourself into one, this would help you even meet potential lifelong partners who appreciate fat women. Know  that there are black men who love them some fat babes. And please remember my sister your weight is not all that defines you as a human being, you were made to love and be loved.

 

Please note: Pictures are property of google/ book those of Sande society , Miss. Africa in America, vogue, Monique’s pageant and the first photo is from bbc  Africa/Ivory Coast.

 

©CopyRight, Yoknyam Dabale

Part 2: Being an International Student

N.B: composite narratives of International students I dialoged with.

Relationally, most see you as some piece of meat that needed to be cooked and consumed. You are called exotic; this adulation is fueled by the national geographic magazine which depicts you as hypersexual body whose primary role is to have sex. Because of your exoticness, on campus you were expected to join in with random hook ups with any guy/ girl who desires to sex you up, getting drunk on Thursday nights is acceptable amongst your peers, students would insult their professors for correcting their many errors. When you protested against such negative behaviors, your school mates laughed and called you, “third world, brown-nose, kiss-ass bitch”, they even went further to say, “you needed to get out of your closed little world, this is the West, where anything goes”. Well it is up to you to decide whether you wish to throw away those few good lessons you learned over the years or succumb to the New World’s extreme campus customs.

Hey, they say “what happens here stays here!” you are at liberty to give up those respects you have for your elders,  get rid of those conservative clothing you wear for see through mini-lace dress,  as a matter of fact, you define your lifestyle.   Not-with-standing your hard work to fit in, you sweat so that you could be an ingredient in the melting pot, yet your humanity is being questioned, as a matter of fact you are constantly reminded of your otherness, the fact that you never pronounce the letter R in water, your complexion does not fit the ideal, the hair on your head is permed, wooly,  your eyes are huge, tiny,  your body is too fat, the food you eat smells terribly, you are an unusual creature. Despite all  of your efforts to be a member of this New World, you are no other than the other, no amount of editing, modifying of the self can set you free from this oppressive self you carry around, your beauty, and brain are curse, everything you do reminds  you of you. You are left with two options in dealing with this self identity crisis:  to continue fighting battles you can’t win or fight in the name of dignity, as you discern the best alternative, I urge you to calm down! relax! this is just the tip of the iceberg.

Remember when your father told you that, one day you would grow up to be a powerful smart young lady? Well, Professor John thinks other wise; he strongly suggests that your bachelor degree is enough for you to join the work force, even though you expressed your interest in doing further graduate work. You have proved in your outstanding research abilities and incredible skills in remembering those difficult Mathematical formulas. Apparently people of your sort, cursed through forefather HAM are only meant to labor for the system, besides they have been doing that for the past 500 years. If you have dark pigment, your plight is to serve, not lead…….

©CopyRight, Yoknyam Dabale

Part 1: Being an International Student

N.B: This is a composite narrative of International students I dialoged with. I dedicate this  topic entry to the new students.

Dear international student,

You earned your diploma after twelve years of play and work, I say congratulations in concert with all the ancestors who: cried on your behalf when your eyes lacked tears to flow after many fails on that Chemistry examination, paid for your tuition even when you were rebellious to the womb that birthed you, adored HER when you were short with words to express your appreciation for that 4.0  the past two semesters of your high school career and comforts you during  those heart breaks when you couldn’t please everyone because you were too busy trying to make something out of your life. MashAllah (it is a beautiful thing) my dear, I hope you don’t forget where you come from, now that you think you have arrived, running away from that seemly god forsaken, abject poverty country of yours, lest you  neglect those who strived to make your life livable even in the midst of worldly worries.

In cohort with those who have: been there, done that, we saw it paramount to donate words that could nurture, encourage, and empower you as you move forward with your studies, international experience. The moment you carried that passport in your lovely hands, we want you to know that you robotically become an ambassador for your home country, yes! Do you recollect those times when you thought you were an entity who represent her/his ethnicity? Well, whether you like it or not, you are now the lens through which the entire world reads not only  you as a member of  Igbo, Yotti, Asante or Achakzai but also as the representative of your country and even the continent as a whole. It is up to you to make the best out of this new position you were forcibly located to occupy.

Yay! You thought the freedom to be away from extreme critical gaze would give you access to do as you pleased! After all they say the world out there is free, a place where you could, “do you” and majority of the time, no one gives a damn, it is all about you, you, you and you, the god of individual and neo-liberalism resides there, you are your own god. Your life is in your hands. Little you were informed that: many more hardship awaits you.

Culturally in  your home, you were raised to believe all human beings were created by HER perfect hands, even though you noticed Lee’s tiny eyes, Zulu’ muscular frame, Sarah’s pile  sun-less  complexion, Monique’s large buttocks, and Mike’s unintelligent remarks when asked a simple question. You were convinced that human beings were all created equally, sadly you had to learn the hard way when you actaully encountered people who are different from you, one of our veteran expressed to me. “I was denied a job after my African identity was revealed, and the racism I experienced was so blunt that, some people told me that  Blacks  are dirty and very stupid.”

©CopyRight, Yoknyam Dabale

Exploitation: Double Standards

My first close encounter with the male species outside my eight brothers was at the age of twelve, when my old folks sent me overseas to school, I wonder what they were thinking; I had the suspicions that they decided to enroll me into religious all girls’  boarding high school for fear of me getting myself spoiled[1], by some irresponsible lad. The no boy, stay in school to make something out of your life policy monitored me for decades.  I remember getting scolded when old woman saw me playing with older boys; subsequently, I distanced myself from the opposite sex who might seem interested in my living particulars.[2]  Due to the constant surveillance, even when my old folks were hundreds of miles, four hours flight away from me, my internalization of the parental gaze prevented me from magnet-ing to my counterparts. Well, who could have ever imagined that even the saints amongst us have veiled desires in their cubbyhole?[3] A month before my departure for Nigeria, at fourteen, I had the conviction that I was predestined to have such a considerate, brilliant, drop dead gorgeous 6.2 feet lean dark chocolate, six years of distance communiqué over the oceans kept it strong, besides the rule instructs, one must maintain her chastity[4], but as nature began to urge for at least corporeal presence, it concluded.  

 I proceeded further to mingle with a counterpart of different pigment and continent  whose love I was reluctant to accept given my past records, nonetheless, three years were interrupted when it was discovered, two others were involved and abundant irreconcilable differences eradicated it forever! 

At twenty-four, while some colleagues: nursed, married, died, aborted, sexed, and divorced. I began reflecting on god-father’s profound thoughts[5], questioning is answering, with such a lead, I proceeded to read: books, articles, partners and experiences outside my sphere. Yes, I may not have won Kora medal [6]in girl, boy nesting given the backdrop above, however, my short lived experiences and knowledge absorbed are muscular enough for me to say, I too have something to say.

Through my quest for knowledge pertaining relationships, I was able to unearthed concealed questions; even I was baffled over them:  

What is love? Do gender roles, race, nationality have anything to do with love? 

Love  is an expression and an act that seeks  to assuage insecurities and  in order to gain that which one lacks, exploitive double standards are executed accordingly ( in this essay, I would say exploitation as per related to romantic relationship is neither positive nor negative) .[7]

He loves her because of what she has to offer, she got what he needs to make him feel, “like a man” that is why the moment Caroline walked on the grounds of his god forsaken, barbaric continent,[8] he jumped right on her,  “ I love you” he declared. She in return with her loose self fell right in his trap without thinking critically about the contextualization of the phrase, “I love you”. [9] She is there to save him from himself with her mini kit bag given by her hegemonic forefathers, she replied, “I love you too”.[10] Not knowing Zaza’s status, he’s been engaged to Maya for three years, in poverty and in good health. Maya even managed and stole her parents’ savings from their yearly yams sales for his education, now that he has something on his brain, he saw an opportunity to exit without saying goodbye, “God killed and gave it to him on a plate of gold”[11] Caroline pride herself with her 4 x 6 red passport, and an outstanding gross domestic product (GDP), packaged and mailed him to where the god of capitalism resides. [12]

Now here is Zaza, doesn’t like the food she offers, micro-waved that mutton that his ex-fiancée, Maya used to slaughter, clean, cook, and spoon feeds him. Zaza gets order around the house: to clean and baby sits those children he proudly ejaculated. Notwithstanding the fact that, in his dusty village men of his sort would call his obedience coward.

Maya used to give him advice and space that he needs to breathe from their sophisticated love joint, so to help regenerate their passion and friendships outside them, now, Caroline, the woman with the red passport wouldn’t let him speak with “potential competitions”.

In his search for capitalist god, Zaza, lacks any pleasant, dignified job, he bends and breaks his back, could barely pay his rent, let alone cloth himself and his new family.  He thought, that passport was good luck, Zaza left his family who worked so hard raising him up, a job offer he declined even though he was fully aware that he could have made a superb difference in the lives of his locals, terminated his engagement to Maya, the woman who sweat for years on his behalf, and now he lives in solitude. In conversation with himself, he tried very hard to convince himself that, he is in love, besides that is what he told his family and community at large before his departure. To console himself further, for his participation in his “misfortunes”, Zaza points fingers declaring, “all Nubian woman are prostitutes, the best they know how is to open their legs for men, they love money but too lazy to work for it”.

 To prove that Nubian woman is capable of achieving her dreams Lola, effortlessly got enrolled in one of the top Accountancy departments after her undergraduate degree in global south, Zimbabwe. She held positions in male dominated organizations: class president, got paid, competitive internship with United Nations and World Bank as analyst. Zaza was not convinced that a woman from his land could do such wonderful things, after all most images seen of her are: exotic high cheeks bones, flawless skin she wears and hypersexual being. In cohort to perpetuate unconstructive imageries of Nubian woman, John claims to have fallen in love with Lola, a week after their encounter. John offered Lola, bigger car, house and individualism. Lola compared the life of constant communal with beggars to that of excess wealth and individualism. Who in her right mind, rejects John’s offer? John went further to express, “Lola, you are exotic, you make me look great in front of my friends, and you are different from all those Western women”. John disregarded Lola’ intellectual abilities as per what she could offer the world; rather he limited her to  just her physical beauty and exhibited her to the world as his priced jewelry. John’s hymns of worship to Lola, glorious beauty elevated her to the throne of arrogance forgetting herself:  now her parents are the enemies when they expressed she hardly calls or response to theirs, she cried out “ you people are too dependent on me, I am tired and I need my own life”, she forgot what Sara Baartman[13] had to go through to fight on her behalf, now Lola sees every other woman of her sort as back-ward, uncivilized, and must be set free from her oppressors even though she’s been liberated by the same women, she mocks.

©Copy Right, Yoknyam Dabale


[1] The cultural understanding amongst most northerners in Nigeria, particularly that of mine was that when a girl had sexual relations, gets pregnant before marriage, she is considered, spoiled. And what usually happens to “spoiled” items, they become less appealing. Subsequently, most parents sweat to keep their daughters away from boys who might contribute in destroying their daughter’s life and family pride.

[2] Borrowed this term from Fela Kuti, a Nigerian afro beat musician and human rights activist.

[3] “ Catholic Celebrate Easter, Among Church Sex Scandal” ( April 1,2010),  http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/europe/Catholics-Celebrate-Easter-Among-Church-Sex-Scandal-89733842.html

[4]  Fein, Ellen, Schneider, Sherrie. “ Don’t Rush into Sex and other Rules for Intimacy” The Rules: Tim-tested Secrets for Capturing the Heart of  Mr. Right, 80. New York: Time Warner Company, 1996.

[5] Martin Heidegger

[6]  Kora is amongst  Pan- African most prestigious awards for diverse fields in media , http://koraawards.com/

[7] See Botton, De, Alain. “Essays in love.”  Basingstoke: Pan Macmillan Ltd, 1993.  My definition derives from Botton’s book and other reflections.

[8] Allimadi, Milton. “How White Writers Created the Racist Image of Africa.”  The Hearts of Darkness, 5-12.  New York:  Black Star Book, 2003

[9] This claim comes from conversation I had, and was expressed in my presence with a number of men who seriously believe the white woman is loose; she has nothing much to offer but her nationality.

[10] Many a times foreigners who visit global south tend to forget that a phrase they might use in their locals might carry different meanings in other places. Unfortunately, many western women fall for those meta-messages because they too need to ease their insecurities.

[11] This quotation comes from the Hausa language, it basically means, God handles humans worries by providing his needs without much efforts from the human beings.

[12] See countries’ Gross Domestic Products listing, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)

[13]  Sarah Baartman was a young lady from South African in 1700s  taken to Holland with the promise for a better life, it turned out she was to be place on display as an usual being. See further reading at: http://www.nathanielturner.com/sarastory.htm  and Feminist Studies. Vol. 29, No. 3, Women In Democratic South Africa ( Autumn, 2002), pp.592-593.

©Copy Right, Yoknyam Dabale

In love with a Terrorist.

 

A week after I turned in my application to Duke University for my master program, I opened a letter which declared, “Congratulations, welcome to Duke”, I busted into one of my best-friend’s room, shouting with excitement for this new development in our lives, he expressed, “congratulations Bubac!” and, and before I utter a response, I noticed tears flowing out of his beautiful green eyes. Behold my friend’s tears were augury to what was to be bestowed upon me.

The summer of 2006 as I prepare for my new school in Durham, North Carolina, I had the opportunity to travel to South Korea, upon my return I got a job as an assistant to the International advisor at my under graduate university, this is a splendid deal for an international  student whose life usually circulates around United States immigration laws,   I thought to myself, wow what a great life! Not minding the reality of life’s heterogeneous characteristics, the night of July 2006 my spirit was awoke, not willing to rest after a long hard day at work, alas I received a call from my old man (a fond way my siblings and I refer to our father) declaring his urgent trip to Houston, Tx, I thought strange wake up call. A month later, I was whispering farewell to one of the primary male loves of my life. Notwithstanding the agony, I processed to Duke, as I promised my old man that I would get my education, after all, he expressed when he realized his days here, had come to an end, “go to school, those people are going to take care of you, your education is all that you have after I am gone and make sure you take care of mama”. Following my old man’s commands, I responded desolately, “e Babah”.

One of my best-friends then, offered to accompany me to Duke, in fact the friend went further to purchase our flight tickets. Transitioning to Duke wasn’t a rosy odyssey, my old man died, eleven months later an elder sister who was more of a best-friend died, most of my long term friendships in Texas ended, financial difficulties, behind in school, OH!, OH! OH!, the darkest night of my soul, I questioned in concert with all the saints, “demanding why [my soul] was sorrowful and why it so disquieted me, but it had no answer…I hated all things because they held [my loves] not, and could no more say to me,  “ look here [they come]! …”[1]  “Protesting with the face I wore like the woman in Jos, Nigeria who loss a husband and seven children proclaiming, “Why, What have [I] done, [to experience such pains?] [2]  I felt abandon by Him  whose strips I thought heals[3] yet, fearing and with no other alternative I entrusted my soul to Him, after all, I was taught He gives and takes,[4] and the moment I released my agony for others to see, He illuminated my life with the brightest sunshine. This illuminator came from the pit of hell, “thank you, I said, but no thank you,” as U.S. Newsweek puts it, one of the most dangerous place on earth,[5] terrorist, uncivilized, oppressed[6],  with such condemnation on her shoulders how could such a person comfort me ?  Even the good ones told me, “ to just pray about it”, then headed  right on with their lives, “you will be just fine” another declared, hugged me for five seconds and departed, a wise one directed “go with God” even when I just told him, I felt God neglected me

 However, this condemned terrorist became my illuminator, January 2007, upon my return from Nigeria, I didn’t get the chance to shop for provisions, when she noticed I was struggling in the kitchen, she offered me her extra spicy rice, it was so hot that I had to use yogurt to ease the burns it caused on my lips, and the sudden sinus it erupted was healed days later, what a way to tantalize a lover. She asked about my trip back home, and what made her inquires warmth, and different from many others, was the honesty, I saw in her eyes, I felt it through my very black bones; she actually wanted to know what was going on. Days and weeks later, she maintained the willingness to hear about my sorrows, one semester all I did was cried and talked to her about my sadness, and she would gently sit and listen. The illuminator had a follow up pattern, she didn’t tell me that every thing was going to be alright, instead she wanted to know, really how does it feel to be broken. Her actions aroused our desires to commit, it started with a bowl of spicy rice, a frank concern and then we moved off Duke Campus, since then it was a life fill of laughter and few cries.  When most people chose to sprint out of my life, my illuminator stuck around, she rejected the microwave/instant model that most people subscribe to. She chose to be in the midst of sorrow when she had the chance to exit.

My illuminator, the condemned terrorist cohered with primeval mothers to kiss my sorrows away when others shunned the sight of them, bathed my soul with love that resurrected, regenerated love, my love for others outside myself.[7]  My illuminator believes, the death of one is the death of all, when an untouchable dies, part of humanity dies, subsequently we all become mourners.[8]  My lover and I built our home with the stones of LOVE, that which begets: SUPPORT, RESPECT, TRUST, and PATIENCE in the forms of: buying our food stuff together expect those things that are religiously forbidden yet acceptable we purchase separately, and cook for each other when ever one has a busy docket. We clean after each other, there is no “ your to do list” we help around the house whenever cleaning of the  house, bath tub, washing the dishes, having the light bulbs change, turning off the lights before bed, we make sure that we help each other. We support one another digest ideas, be it for academic work or relationship with the world outside us. For example, when I have problems at school, my lover would gesture, suggestion of books for me to read, or help edit my work. We exchange ideas, for example, given I have strong interest in the question of race and gender, my lover would seek for advise in that area.

My illuminator and I respect each other’s background and faith, we show our love by giving one another the space to practice our religions the best way we defined them.  For example, she eats only halal meat, fast during the holy month of Ramadan, and I worship with fellow believers on Sundays, donate my scarce time to volunteer with anyone or organization, fast during lent period (sometimes:)).

We trust each other, my illuminator trust me that I couldn’t possibly cheat on her, be it with our bills or in our relationship. For example, when I buy food stuff, I usually would inform her of her portion to pay; she goes ahead and pays without many inquiries, and vice versa. We also trust each other’s judgment, when my lover’s friends come over to the house, I would treat them as if they were mine, and this is because I trust her much that she wouldn’t befriend those who are enemies of constructive progress.

I am not suggesting that my illuminator and I have a perfect or flawless relationship; after all we are two different people from different families and backgrounds. However, we over look those things that irritate us, we dwell mostly on those things that make us happy. We praise one another daily with, “you look so beautiful in those black jeans and green ruffle shirt”,  “ look at that Nigerian fitted outfit, it compliments your features  ” and  or  our recent expressions,  “if you were a man I would marry you”.  Thank you for loving me despite all of me  interesting, obscure ways,  you turly make me a happy lady, me love you me  brown cookie- chicken, Mashal Saif.


[1]  Augustine, Saint. “Augustine the Manichee.” The Confessions, translated by Maria Boulding.O.S.B, preface by Patricia Hampl, 59. New York:  A vintage Spiritual Classic Original, 1998.

[2] Ojo, James., Ossai,  Aaron. “I will avenge my 7 Children- Woman who lost all.”  The Sun Publishing LTD ( March 14,2010 ), http://www.nigeriamasterweb.com/paperfrmes.html

[3] Holy Bible: The New Revised Standard Versions. “ The Suffering Servant.” Isaiah 53:4-5.

[4] Holy Bible: The New Revised Standard Versions. “Job loses Property and Children.” Job 1:21.

[5]  Moreau, Ron.; Hirsh, Michael. “ Where the Jihad Live Now” Newsweek ( October 29, 2007), http://www.newsweek.com/id/57485

[6] These claims come from conversations and readings I had, done in the past that indicated Muslims as such, especially right after the eve of September 11, 2001  When United States of America’s twin towers were destroyed by those who associated themselves with Islam.

[7] Holy Bible: The New Revised Standard Versions. “A Sinful Woman Forgive.” Luke 7:44-45.

[8] Holy Qur’an:  The Meaning of the Holy Qur’an.  Surah 5:32

©CopyRight, Yoknyam Dabale